Ever Heard Of The Condition Diabetes Mellitus Type II? These 7 Pointers For You
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Glucose is used by the body to make energy. Glucose levels in the blood are affected by several different hormones, but one of the most important is insulin, which is produced by the pancreas and works to lower blood sugar levels.
Insulin, synthesized in the islets of Langerhans (a mass of endocrine cells in the pancreas), is necessary to metabolize glucose. In diabetes, blood sugar levels increase (hyperglycemia). Insulin acts like a key to open the doors into your cells, letting sugar (glucose) in. In diabetes, the pancreas makes too little insulin to enable all the sugar in your blood to get into your muscle and other cells to produce energy.
There are two types of diabetes mellitus (DM). Type II is the focus of this article. Genetic factors, usually polygenic, are present in most type II patients. However, environmental factors such as obesity, lack of exercise and a sedentary lifestyle are thought by most observers to lead to insulin resistance, and so to Type II diabetes mellitus.
Symptoms of Type II diabetes can begin so gradually that a person may not know that they have it. Early signs are lethargy, polydipsia (extreme thirst), and polyuria (frequent urination). Individuals with long term type II diabetes are more likely to have diabetes related complications such as peripheral vascular disease (PVD), chest pain, heart attack, heart failure and stroke. Peripheral neuropathy, combined with the poor circulation associated with PVD, can eventually cause people with diabetes to develop foot ulcers and infections, which in turn may lead to gangrene and require amputations.
Diet and moderate exercise are the first treatments implemented in diabetes. For many Type II diabetics, weight loss may be an important goal in helping them to control their diabetes.
Dieticians also help people with diabetes by designing a healthy eating plan. Dieticians can also suggest healthy calorie intake levels and types of foods to eat. Dietary changes focus on the ideas of weight loss and blood sugar regulation (that is, keeping the blood sugar levels relatively stable throughout the day, avoiding big peaks or troughs). Diet and insulin can be adjusted to keep the level within the normal range.
Clinicians should assist patients in making that choice. In addition, clinicians should be alert to symptoms suggestive of diabetes (i.e., polydipsia and polyuria) and test anyone with these symptoms.
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